Everything You Need To Know About Urinalysis Microscopes
Urinalysis determine the diseases that are normally unnoticed. The diseases that do not produce symptoms or signs are the hardest to uncover. Thanks to urinalysis, this is possible.
The cost-effective device that is used in order to screen the urine is a urinalysis microscope. This system is available for so many years now and it lets the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the individual’s urine come up with the result. The drastic color change occurs in every segment of the stage and this is compared to the color chart in order to get the results.
However, it is important to note that a doctor, nurse or assistant that is reckless can misinterpret or misread the results. Microscopic analysis is a delicate matter and it is these people with the experience in handling urinalysis microscopes that is responsible for the outcome.
The Process of Urinalysis
The first part of the urinalysis process is to directly observe the sample. Normally, this is fresh urine. It is pale and dark yellow. Sometimes it is amber. The normal volume of the average urine is 750 up to 2000 mL per 24 hours.
Whenever there is cloudiness or turbidity, the best explanation to this is that there is an excess in the cellular material count of the protein in the urine. It must have been developed from the precipitation of the salts or the crystallization of the sample because of the room temperature. By clearing the specimen through adding additional amounts of acid, then the precipitation of salts is the possible cause of the turbidity.
The basics
Before conducting urinalysis by using the urinalysis microscope, the observer must know the basics of the urine chemical analysis.
1. pH
The glomerular filtrate of the person’s blood plasma is acidified through the renal tubules. This collects the ducts from the pH level of 7.4 up to 6 in the urine. This depends on the acid-base status though. The urinary pH also ranges for as low as 4.5 to something as high as 8.0. The changes in the acid side is accomplished once the tubule has been convulated and the acid has been collected.
2. Specific Gravity (sp gr)
This should be directly proportional to the osmosis level of the urine. This is measured through the solute concentration. This measures the density of the urine as well as the ability of the kidney to dilute or concentrate the urine. Most laboratories measure the specific gravity of the urine by using a refractometer.
The specific gravity ranges between 1.0002 to 1.035 in random sample works. Once this has been met, then it can be said that the urine is normal. Urine that has a specific gravity over this range is contaminated or contains a high level of glucose.
3. Protein
Urinalysis microscopes screen the protein in the urine but the quantitative tests for the protein level must be performed on urine that is centrifuged or supernatant. This is because the cells that are suspended can only produce false estimation of a high level of protein. Normally, the protein filters the glomerulus and absorbs the renal tubute. Nonetheless, there is the small amount of plasma proteins that are secreted by the nephron. These are found in the normal urine. The excretion no longer exceeds the 150 mg per 24 hours and the 10 mg for every 100 mL in a single sample.
Microscopic Urinalysis
A sample of the urine is centrifuged in the microscope’s test tube. This is gauged at a low speed which is 2 to 3000 rpm and for every five to ten minutes, it is moderately produced at the bottom. The decanted supernate normally has a volume of .2 to .5 ml. This is left inside the test tube. The sediment that resuspends is the supernate that is left at the bottom of the test tube after repeating the experiment.
In order to examine the sediment for urinalysis, this is placed under the low power optical observation of the microscope. Most casts, crystals and squamous cells can easily detect problems depending on the element of the field. The experiment must be done repeatedly in order to see the number of casts that are reported to be containing the low power field of LPF. The elements found in every filed depends on the examination, it is important to know what these are.
1. Red Blood Cells
2. White Blood Cells
3. Epithileal Cells
Methods of Urine Collection
1. Random collection that can be done at any time during the day.
2. Early morning collection before any fluid has been ingested.
3. Clean catch midstream urine specimen collection.
For more information about various types of microscopes used for clinical purposes, http://www.clinical-microscope.com can be of great assistance.